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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 9:22 pm
Time: 9:22 pm
Results for systematic review
3 results foundAuthor: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) Title: Multidimensional Family Therapy for Adolescent Drug Users: A Systematic Review Summary: During adolescence, some young people may experiment with both licit and illicit substances (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and other drugs). This can have an impact on their behaviour, their relationships with others and how they function in society. For those who develop substance use disorders, family has a vital role to play in addressing this issue. This EMCDDA Paper focuses on a form of inclusive therapy that involves the young person, their family and their environment. Based on five studies carried out in the United States and the EU, the holistic approach encapsulated by Multidimensional family therapy delivers promising results that are visible both during therapy and after it has ended. However, the approach requires family engagement which cannot always be obtained, and may come at a higher cost than other therapeutic options. Details: Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2014. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: EMCDDA Papers: Accessed March 12, 2014 at: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_222780_EN_TDAU13008ENN.pdf Year: 2014 Country: International URL: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_222780_EN_TDAU13008ENN.pdf Shelf Number: 131882 Keywords: Adolescents Drug Abuse and Addiction Family Interventions Substance Abuse Systematic Review |
Author: Hockenhull, J.C. Title: A systematic review of prevention and intervention strategies for populations at high risk of engaging in violent behaviour: update 2002-8 Summary: Background: It has been estimated that violence accounts for more than 1.6 million deaths worldwide each year and these fatal assaults represent only a fraction of all assaults that actually occur. The problem has widespread consequences for the individual and for the wider society in physical, psychological, social and economic terms. A wide range of pharmacological, psychosocial and organisational interventions have been developed with the aim of addressing the problem. This review was designed to examine the effectiveness of these interventions when they are developed in mental health and criminal justice populations. Objective: To update a previous review that examined the evidence base up to 2002 for a wide range of pharmacological, psychosocial and organisational interventions aimed at reducing violence, and to identify the key variables associated with a significant reduction in violence. Data sources: Nineteen bibliographic databases were searched from January 2002 to April 2008, including PsycINFO (CSA) MEDLINE (Ovid), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), British Nursing Index/Royal College of Nursing, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS), Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)/International ERIC, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane reviews, other reviews, clinical trials, methods studies, technology assessments, economic evaluations), Web of Science [Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI)]. Review methods: The assessment was carried out according to accepted procedures for conducting and reporting systematic reviews, including identification of studies, application of inclusion criteria, data extraction and appropriate analysis. Studies were included in meta-analyses (MAs) if they followed a randomised control trial (RCT) design and reported data that could be converted into odds ratios (ORs). For each MA, both a fixed-effects model and a random-effects model were fitted, and both Q statistic and I2 estimates of heterogeneity were performed. Results: A total of 198 studies were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria; of these, 51 (26%) were RCTs. Bivariate analyses exploring possible sources of variance in whether a study reported a statistically significant result or not, identified six variables with a significant association. An outcome was less likely to be positive if the primary intervention was something other than a psychological or pharmacological intervention, the study was conducted in an penal institution, the comparator was another active treatment or treatment as usual and if a between-groups design had been used. An outcome was more likely to be positive if it was conducted with people with a mental disorder. The variation attributable to these variables when added to a binary logistic regression was not large (Cox and Snell R2 = 0.12), but not insignificant given the small number of variables included. The pooled results of all included RCTs suggested a statistically significant advantage for interventions over the various comparators [OR 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53 to 0.65, fixed effects; OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.49 random effects, 40 studies]. However, there was high heterogeneity {I2 = 86, Q = 279 [degrees of freedom (df) = 39], p < 0.0001}, indicating the need for caution in interpreting the observed effect. Analysis by subgroups showed that most results followed a similar pattern, with statistically significant advantages of treatments over comparators being suggested in fixed- and/or random-effects models but in the context of large heterogeneity. Three exceptions were atypical antipsychotic drugs [OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.27, fixed effects; OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.43, random effects; 10 studies, I2 = 72.2, Q = 32.4 (df = 9), p < 0.0001], psychological interventions [OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.83, fixed effects; OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.93, random effects; nine studies, I2 = 62.1, Q = 21.1 (df = 8), p = 0.007] and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) as a primary intervention [OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.88, fixed effects; OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.99, random effects; seven studies, I2 = 21.6, Q = 7.65 (df = 6), p = 0.26]. Limitations: The heterogenity of the included studies inhibits both robust MA and the clear application of findings to establishing improvements in clinical practice. Conclusions: Results from this review show small-to-moderate effects for CBT, for all psychological interventions combined, and larger effects for atypical antipsychotic drugs, with relatively low heterogeneity. There is also evidence that interventions targeted at mental health populations, and particularly male groups in community settings, are well supported, as they are more likely to achieve stronger effects than interventions with the other groups. Future work should focus on improving the quality of evidence available and should address the issue of heterogenity in the literature. Details: Health Technology Assessment, 2012. 152p. Source: Internet Resource: Health Technology Assessment, 16 (3). pp. 1-152: Accessed May 27, 2015 at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0046440/ Year: 2012 Country: International URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0046440/ Shelf Number: 129974 Keywords: Crime Prevention Systematic ReviewViolence Violence Crime Violence Prevention |
Author: Yukhnenko, Denis Title: A systematic review of criminal recidivism rates worldwide: 3-year update Summary: Background: Comparing recidivism rates between countries may provide useful information about the relative effectiveness of different criminal justice policies. A previous 2015 review identified criminal recidivism data for 18 countries and found little consistency in outcome definitions and time periods. We aimed to update recidivism rates in prisoners internationally. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of criminal recidivism rates in prisoners and followed PRISMA guidelines. Using three bibliographic indexes, we carried out non-country-specific and targeted searches for 50 countries with the largest total prison populations. We included reports and studies of released prisoners that reported re-arrest, reconviction and reincarceration rates. Meta-analysis was not possible due to multiple sources of heterogeneity. Results: We identified criminal recidivism information for 23 countries. Of the 50 countries with the largest prison populations, 10 reported recidivism rates for prisoners. The most commonly reported outcome was the 2-year reconviction rate. We were able to examine recidivism over different time periods for 11 countries and found that most reported small changes in official recidivism rates. Overall, for 2-year follow-up period, reported re-arrest rates were between 26% and 60%, reconviction rates ranged from 20% to 63%, and reimprisonment rates varied from 14 to 45%. Conclusions: Although some countries made efforts to improve reporting, recidivism rates are not comparable between countries. Criminal justice agencies should consider using reporting guidelines described here to update their data. Keywords Details: Wellcome Open Research, 2019, 4:28. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Internet Resource: Accessed April 25, 2019 at: https://d212y8ha88k086.cloudfront.net/manuscripts/16329/a6346545-8c27-45fd-9af8-defde4571266_14970_-_denis_yukhnenko.pdf?doi=10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14970.1&numberOfBrowsableCollections=2&numberOfBrowsableGateways=9 Year: 2019 Country: International URL: https://d212y8ha88k086.cloudfront.net/manuscripts/16329/a6346545-8c27-45fd-9af8-defde4571266_14970_-_denis_yukhnenko.pdf?doi=10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14970.1&numberOfBrowsableCollections=2&numberOfBrowsableGateways=9 Shelf Number: 155524 Keywords: Recidivism Reconviction Reoffending Repeat Offending Systematic Review |